FAQ: 12-Month Funding Model for Rackham Ph.D. Students

Rationale

Why has Rackham decided to move to a 12-month funding model for Rackham Ph.D. education?

Rackham has been working to increase the availability of spring/summer support for Ph.D. students for several years. Research has shown that financial support increases rates of degree completion in Ph.D. programs. Graduate programs offer guaranteed funding packages to their Ph.D. students because of the contributions to research, scholarship, and teaching that these students make. The university also seeks to recruit excellent cohorts into its Ph.D. programs and faces competition from peer institutions in doing so. This decision represents an additional investment by the university in the Ph.D. funding system and the excellence of its Ph.D. programs. The source of this new investment will be the university’s general fund, as allocated by the provost for disbursal through Rackham’s block grant program. Accordingly, Rackham understands that proposed FY 2024 tuition and fee rate increases have been augmented to provide the additional resources necessary to offset the increased costs associated with the extension to 12-month funding packages for Ph.D. students. This funding is in addition to the Ph.D. funding support that faculty, departments, schools/colleges, and Rackham already provide to support Ph.D. education through fellowships, GSRA appointments, and GSI appointments.

What steps were taken to solicit feedback from graduate programs and the broader U-M community prior to reaching this decision?

Prior to decision and implementation, a proposal was reviewed by the Rackham Executive Board. Feedback from chairs and directors of the more than 100 Rackham Ph.D. programs was sought. Areas for feedback included the academic rationale for the proposal, the degree of program support for it, and factors to keep in mind if the funding extension was implemented.

How was the timing of the proposal’s development, feedback period, and implementation determined?

On a high level, this change completes an arc that began in 2010 when the campus moved to full Ph.D. student funding in fall and winter terms, drawn from a mix of fellowship, GSRA, and GSI/GSSA resources. The university has sustained and increased that commitment over time, and now we can fully align our support with the needs of the Ph.D. degree, which include 12-month academic progress.

While increasing the level of spring/summer funding available to Ph.D. students has been a goal for many years, more recently—and especially in the last 18 months—the graduate school heard from faculty and directly from Rackham Student Government and in student town halls about the need for this funding to support year-round degree progress. These comments are supported by the Michigan Doctoral Experience Study. In response, Rackham began an assessment and coordinated with the Office of the Provost about the academic rationale and the source of funding.

Rackham pursued an investment in institutional research tools that allowed us to assess where the program-level distribution of need for spring/summer stipend was located. These tools were available by fall 2022 and were used to formulate the proposal, which was completed by early winter 2023. Once completed, we needed to receive feedback from our faculty governance and departmental leadership. Those meetings, which occur on a regular annual schedule, had long been scheduled for March 15 and March 20/21, respectively. The timing of the meetings ultimately set the decision date for the project. Due to the benefits of the project’s adoption, Rackham did not want to delay it for a year.

What is the rationale for keeping this decision separate from the Graduate Employees’ Organization (GEO) collective bargaining agreement?

Ph.D. student funding commitments are separate from the collective bargaining agreement because they encompass a range of funding components, many of which do not relate to graduate student employment and are therefore not covered by the agreement.

The collective bargaining agreement with GEO covers only GSI/GSSA appointments, the components of funding that involve employment. Other aspects of Ph.D. funding commitments are not covered by the agreement and are not subject to collective bargaining. Some Ph.D. students with guaranteed funding never hold a GSI or GSSA appointment and are not covered by the collective bargaining agreement during any time in their program. Nor was the prior requirement of a minimum of eight-month funding part of the collective bargaining agreement; it was instead a commitment made by Rackham, the schools and colleges, and Ph.D. programs upon adoption of the Rackham continuous enrollment policy in 2010.

The university values the contributions of its graduate student employees and negotiates collective bargaining agreements that cover their wages and benefits and other terms of their employment. At the same time, the university believes strongly in the ability to promote academic degree progress without requiring the obligation of employment. It therefore additionally offers fellowships to graduate students through its schools and colleges, including Rackham. Rackham’s new spring/summer funding extension for Ph.D. students offers additional, flexible fellowship funding to fill in the gap between existing spring/summer stipend levels and the new full stipend commitment. Fellowships are separate from collective bargaining because they do not obligate employment, but rather promote academic progress. Programs will continue to determine how to allocate spring/summer stipends while drawing on a mix of sources—including GSRA, GSI/GSSA, and fellowship appointments—as they currently do in the fall and winter terms.

If the new funding is separate from the collective bargaining agreement, how can students be confident that it will remain available throughout their course of study?

When Ph.D. students are admitted to the university, their program guarantees them a funding package to support their progress towards the degree. Funding packages, which are predicated on the student being in good academic standing, include a combination of fellowships, GSRA appointments, GSI/GSSA appointments, and departmental funds. Current Ph.D. students in good academic standing will receive the new spring/summer support for the duration of the terms of their offer letters. Moving forward, offers of admission to Ann Arbor Ph.D. students will include provision for 12-month stipend support. 

It is important to remember that funding offered in admissions letters is guaranteed to the student as long as they remain in good academic standing.

How does this decision relate to Rackham’s strategic vision for graduate education?

Rackham’s strategic vision reimagines graduate education at U-M in a way that is student centered and faculty led, and that emphasizes a holistic view of graduate training. The extension to 12-month Ph.D. funding assists programs and their faculty by promoting program excellence, equity, and the ability of faculty to recruit new Ph.D. cohorts. We believe that moving to a 12-month funding model will furthermore support the academic progress and success of Ph.D. students as measured by completion rates and time to degree. In addition, we continue to hear from programs and faculty about their ongoing needs to sustain and advance the graduate research and scholarship that is at the core of Ph.D. training, and we appreciate that these needs and opportunities vary by discipline. We will continue to listen to the needs of faculty and programs, including their perspectives on costs. We will study and benchmark these factors, and report our findings to Rackham chairs and directors during the 2023–24 academic year.

Scope and Guidance

Whose funding will be extended to include spring/summer stipend?

This funding change will apply to Rackham Ph.D. students on the Ann Arbor campus who are in good academic standing and within the period that they were offered full funding as part of their offer letter of admission. Future offers of admission to Rackham Ph.D. students on the Ann Arbor campus will include provision for 12-month stipend support.

Current students who were guaranteed AY 2022–23 fall and winter funding as part of their offers of admission will receive full spring/summer stipend support beginning in 2023. Specifically, those who were slated to be provided with partial spring/summer stipend or no spring/summer stipend as per their offer letter funding will have their spring/summer support increased to the full amount in 2023 and in the subsequent years of funding specified in their admissions letter.

Students who are beyond their original offer letter but were still funded in fall 2022 and winter 2023 through a program’s formal decision under their plan for extended time to degree due to COVID are eligible for this new summer funding in spring/summer 2023.

Spring/summer funding needs for Rackham Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.) students and Ph.D. students on the Dearborn campus will be addressed separately by Rackham and their respective schools and colleges.

Which Rackham programs are affected by this move to 12-month funding of Ph.D. studies?

All Ph.D. programs on the Ann Arbor campus are included in this new model, and all should expect to receive supplemental block grant funding to address any gap between current available funding support and the new 12-month funding level. Our initial analysis of the need for additional support for 12-month stipends for Ph.D. students shows that gaps in spring/summer support vary program by program, and that the need is apparent in each of the four divisions of Rackham’s Ann Arbor Ph.D. programs (Biological and Health Sciences; Physical Sciences and Engineering; Social Sciences; and Humanities and the Arts). At present, 12-month Ph.D. stipends are more prevalent in the Biological and Health Sciences and Physical Sciences and Engineering than in the Social Sciences and Humanities and the Arts. The AY 2022–23 Ph.D. enrollment at the University of Michigan is approximately 5,500 students. Of these students, about 1,200 are in the Biological and Health Sciences, 2,500 are in the Physical Sciences and Engineering, 1,200 are in the Social Sciences, and 600 are in the Humanities and the Arts.

Will the level of the spring/summer stipend be the same as the fall and winter stipend amounts in a given academic year?

Beginning in AY 2023–24, all funding packages in Ph.D. admissions offers will provide a spring/summer stipend at a level equivalent to the stipend offered in fall or winter terms. 

Additionally, the new model includes all current Ph.D. students who were guaranteed AY 2022–23 fall and winter funding as part of their offers of admission. They therefore will receive 2023 spring/summer stipend support. In AY 2022–23, this funding amount is $12,028 per term, or $36,084 for 12 months of funding.

What guidance does Rackham have for programs as they implement the extension to 12-month funding of Ph.D. students?

A collective move to 12-month funding of Ph.D. studies at the University of Michigan will have benefits for all programs. Many Ann Arbor Ph.D. programs already provide 12-month funding to Ph.D. students through fellowships and GSRA appointments available to them. The remainder of programs typically provide partial support during some spring/summer terms as part of the offer of admission. All programs have an expectation of year-round academic progress toward the Ph.D. degree, particularly for the research and scholarship that leads to the dissertation. Thus, the same expectations that govern academic progress in the fall and winter terms should continue in the spring/summer, but now under a system in which all students are receiving support from the mix of fellowship, GSRA, and GSI resources to which each program has access—consistent with how programs operate during the fall and winter terms. More specifically, programs tend to have year-by-year funding plans and processes that address how the source and sequence of funding will be equitably allocated to Ph.D. students. These plans and processes will be equally useful in allocating a uniform level of spring/summer support to Ph.D. students in each program.

Are faculty research grants and departmental discretionary funds going to be the future source of this additional funding for 12-month appointments?

All Ph.D. programs and their faculty already provide a significant amount of funding for spring/summer support of their Ph.D. students, primarily through GSRA or fellowship appointments, but also sometimes through GSI or GSSA appointments. That investment in Ph.D. students will need to continue and will not be replaced by the central funding made available through this decision. At the same time, the augmentation of the proposed FY24 tuition and fee rate increases will offset the increased costs of the extension of appointments for Ph.D. students in an ongoing way. We acknowledge that, even given increased tuition revenue, programs will need to attend to their future Ph.D. cohort sizes to accommodate the changes in cost and funding source that naturally occur; this is something that programs already manage under the current full funding system.

Implementation and Timing

Will programs or Rackham process spring/summer support payments?

Programs will provide the extended support to their students using available fellowship, GSRA, and GSI sources, allocated by equitable methods that each program will decide based on the academic needs of the program and the availability of sources. This is the same method that programs already use to allocate support in the fall and winter terms. Programs will have the additional block grant funding from Rackham available to be sure that all Ph.D. students in good academic standing and within their offers of admission receive spring/summer stipend support.

When will the extension of spring/summer funding take effect?

This extension will take effect in the 2023 spring/summer term. All Ph.D. students who were guaranteed AY 2022–23 fall and winter funding as part of their offers of admission and are in good academic standing will be slated to receive full 2023 spring/summer stipend support as a consequence of this decision.

What is Rackham’s timeline for communication with programs about how they will implement the funding extension?

The spring/summer term funding extension will be implemented by programs with the support of Rackham in an interim way during the spring/summer term of 2023, by way of a supplemental block grant transfer. The ongoing increase to block grant needed to support the continuing provision of 12-month stipends will be finalized during AY 2023–24.

To provide the support necessary for the 2023 spring/summer term, programs should expect data and information about next steps from Rackham by April 3. Rackham Finance and Fellowships will work with graduate programs between approximately April 3 and April 15 to collaboratively determine funding amounts. Once the final amounts have been agreed to, Rackham will approve each program to apply the funding in time for disbursements beginning in May. Actual allocations will be made from Rackham to programs between May and the end of the fiscal year (June 30).

We appreciate the challenge this accelerated timeline will represent for program staff and faculty, as well as Rackham staff. Rackham is grateful for your engagement, because of the benefit 12-month support will provide to Ph.D. students. We ask for all to please have patience and understanding as we work to implement this change in the funding model for Ph.D. education at the University of Michigan, on a quick timeline benefiting our students.

How will Rackham determine the amount of the supplemental block grants transferred to programs for spring/summer 2023?

Rackham will engage with programs to determine the amount of funding needed to provide stipends to eligible students for AY 2022–23, according to the timeline discussed above. More specifically, Rackham has available financial data indicating how Ph.D. students have been supported in prior years by programs from fellowship, GSRA, GSI, and GSSA sources. This data—as well as other data such as funding package information included in current admissions offer letters—will be used to estimate the gap between spring/summer support currently allocated by the program and the new support level. (These data will not include funding from external sources like internships and external fellowships paid directly to students for field work or research experiences at national labs, for example. We will need program help to determine these categories of student support and are grateful for your partnership in determining these.) This collaborative analysis between Rackham and each program will need to take place before April 15. For more information about how internships and external fellowships will be handled, please see information below. Using this information, Rackham and programs will work together to determine what the supplemental block grant level will be to meet the new commitment.

How will Rackham determine the ongoing block grants amounts provided in AY 2023–24 and future years?

Programs and Rackham will learn from their experience providing spring/summer 2023 funding. We will apply that learning to determine how to provide the ongoing block grant investment that programs will receive to accommodate the continuing commitment of 12-month funding for all incoming Ph.D. cohorts. More details about the plan for AY 2023–24 spring/summer funding will therefore be available beginning in the fall 2023 term.

Do admission offers made in the current cycle need to be adjusted or reissued to accommodate the extension to 12-month funding of Ph.D. education?

No, programs do not need to adjust or reissue offers of admission in the current cycle. The extension to 12-month funding includes all students currently within the period of their offer letter funding; the cohort that is currently being recruited will receive 12-month support under that part of the change. Offers of admissions beginning with the AY 2023–24 cycle will be written in accordance with the change.

Will students participating in paid external internships (with faculty/program endorsement) receive additional spring/summer stipend in response to this decision?

Ph.D. internships are of growing importance to doctoral education as students seek, with the support of faculty and programs, to learn about how to apply their skills in research and scholarship in a variety of careers. Especially in engineering, many of these internships provide students with external support and are well incorporated into the curricular progress of Ph.D. students. Faculty/program practices for supporting Ph.D. students to pursue internships should therefore continue. To the extent that students receive external support for internships, they should not receive additional funding through this extension. Otherwise, they should have the opportunity to receive spring/summer support under this change. This approach is the same as how internship experiences are currently treated when pursued during the fall or winter terms; therefore, programs can simply extend those practices to the spring/summer term.

Will students receiving external fellowships receive additional spring/summer stipend in response to this decision?

Students are motivated to apply for external fellowships because they bring honor and recognition, allow the pursuit of novel research directions, and provide funding support. Examples of such external fellowships include the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program, as well as disciplinary grants that promote field work or archival visits. When students receive these external honors, they are currently included as part of the university’s commitment to provide full funding support to Ph.D. students, and that practice will also apply to spring/summer funding.

Are students who receive spring/summer funding allowed to hold supplemental employment?

Ph.D. students are required to make annual progress toward their degrees and are engaged in their research and dissertation progress on a 12-month basis. Many Ph.D. programs already have policies and procedures in place governing supplemental employment during the fall and winter terms, especially when students hold fellowships. Programs should consider how to extend or adapt these policies and practices to the new 12-month funding model.

Do students need to be in residence in Ann Arbor to receive spring/summer funding?

Programs naturally have expectations about where and how Ph.D. students perform their research, scholarship, and other duties, and these expectations can be maintained. For example, a GSRA appointment in the spring/summer may require time in the lab, and a study in the field may require international travel. Ph.D. students should receive 12-month support for their research and degree progress wherever it is conducted, and as consistent with the program’s curricular expectations and the faculty’s mentorship.

Do faculty need to change their summer availability in response to this decision?

The availability of faculty during the summer varies widely across campus and need not change in response to this decision. Ph.D. students already have an expectation of year-round academic progress, and they benefit from the processes and practices that programs have created for planning and mentoring. These can continue, but now with students receiving 12-months of funding to support their academic progress.

Will international students in my program be eligible for spring/summer funding? How will this affect their visa status (or other immigration compliance)?

All Rackham Ph.D. students in good academic standing and within their funding packages are eligible for 12 months of funding, including international students. Visa status is tied to enrollment, which is not affected by this change in funding status. Programs are encouraged to be in touch with the International Center regarding further questions.

Will Ph.D. students who have exceeded the period of funding guaranteed by their offer of admission receive this extension of funding support?

Students who have exceeded the period of support described in their offer letter funding package will not be guaranteed to receive a spring/summer stipend via this funding change.

Will Ph.D. students defending during the grace period receive this extension of funding support?

Programs already have practices for the conclusion of funding upon degree completion. For example, many programs conclude their funding of Ph.D. students around the time of the Ph.D. defense and/or submission of corrections; such program practices can continue.